Employment goals, expectations, and migration intentions of nursing graduates in a Canadian border city: A mixed methods study
Section snippets
Background
Migration has had a long tradition in the nursing profession beginning with Florence Nightingale but the current trends and effects of nurse migration differ greatly from what was observed in the past (Habermann and Stagge, 2010). Globally, there is a shortage of Registered Nurses (RN) and almost every country in the world predicts needing more nurses than they will produce or retain (Aiken et al., 2004, Buchan and Calman, 2004, Kline, 2003). As a result of underinvestment in nursing, developed
Design and methods
For the purpose of this study, a migrant was defined as a graduate who is considering working in nursing in another country. The migrant may move from Canada (e.g., North Carolina or Australia) or live in Canada but commute (commuter migrant) for work across an international border (e.g., Windsor and Detroit border). Non-migrants were defined as graduates who were only considering working in Canada.
An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used (Creswell and Plano Clark, 2011). In
Quantitative analysis
Quantitative analysis was performed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics 19 (Somers, NY). Prior to data analysis, the data was explored for accuracy of entries, missing data, and statistical assumptions such as normal distribution and outlier data points (El-Masri and Fox-Wasylyshyn, 2005, Field, 2005, Hazard Munro, 2005). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample characteristics and the value and expectations mean scores. Ordinal variables (Likert-scales) were treated as continuous
Survey response
The response rate to the survey was 40.9% (n = 115). The majority of the survey was completed (n = 107) in its entirety with few missing responses. Eight (7.0%) surveys were only partially completed. These cases were not deleted to preserve the sample size and allowed completed responses to be included in the analysis. Missing responses were excluded from the analysis accounting for differences in the reported number of participants’ responses. The fact that at any given point the largest per cent
Migration intentions of new graduates
This research provides insights into the migration intentions of recently graduated Canadian nurses, where two thirds considered migrating. Nurse migration has been identified as a symptom of a failing health system and “not the primary disease” (Kingma, 2008) and these findings suggest that these graduates are aware of symptoms of problems in the nurse's work environment before entering the workforce. The majority preferred to work in Canada, but because of a perceived absence of valued jobs
Conclusion
Reports have been produced to address the nursing shortage in Canada (Canadian Nurses Association, 2009), but the important issue of the loss of nurses through migration, has been absent. The lack of full time positions pushing nurses from Canada has been well documented but it has been unclear whether other valued job factors and personal characteristics of these nurses also contributed to this movement. This study explored the use of a value expectancy framework and additional factors which
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